A form of classical singing that began with the camel-drivers of the north-west region of Punjab, tappa has a dual advantage - the songs have a raga basis and some tăls are common to both khayal and tappa.

The sthayi and antara sections are not present in this form which has a brief text and quick turn of phrase, with short tăns unaccompanied by any elaboration.

Shringara rasa is the predominant mood of tappa and the compositions may well be in ragas like Kafi, Jhinjhoti, Pilu, Gara, Barva, Manjh Khamaj.

Kumara Gandharva is credited with bringing this genre to the forefront, and tappas can be heard in the Gwalior gharana performances.

Vocal Hindustani Music : Dhrupad, Dharmar, Khayal, Tarana, Thumri.

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